Cigarette advertisements, which have been
shown to have a tremendous impact on tobacco use among youth,
tend to emphasize youthful vigor, sexual attraction and independence
themes, which appeal to teenagers and young adults struggling
with these issues. In fact, there is much evidence that tobacco
companies use print and film media to market to teens and
are doing this very successfully:
Documents
seized from tobacco companies provide evidence of targeting
youth: These documents state that "the best way to introduce
new youth smokers is to present the cigarette as one of the
few initiations into the adult world," and to present
cigarettes as "part of the illicit pleasure category
of products and activities." 1
"Cigarette advertising
in magazines has increased significantly since a 1998 legal
settlement between the big tobacco companies and state governments
that kicked cigarette ads off billboards and buses. Rolling
Stone had the largest proportion of cigarette ads than any
other magazine last year, and about 30% of its readers are
teenagers." (Fairclough) "Sports Illustrated had
the second largest proportion of cigarette ads, and over 20%
of its readers are teenagers." (Fairclough)
After declining over three decades,
smoking in movies has returned to levels higher than those
observed in the 1960s before the issuance of the first Surgeon
General's report on smoking and health in 1964, according
to a report by Stanton A. Glantz, ph. D., a professor of medicine
at UCSF with the Institute for Health Policy Studies and the
Division of Cardiology. 3
The recent increase in smoking prevalence rates among young
people throughout the developed world has coincided with an
increase in the depiction of smoking in films. While tobacco
use by adults in the overall population continues to decline,
the presentation of smoking in films is increasing.
Films clearly exaggerate the percentage of people in the population
that smoke.
A few examples of tobacco product placement in movies: In
Superman II, woman reporter Lois Lane, who is a nonsmoker
in the comics, chain-smoked Marlboro and the Marlboro brand
name appeared at least 40 times in the film. Tobacco giant,
Philip Morris paid only $40,000.00 to the producers of the
movie for this promotion. Sylvester Stallone took $500,000.00
payment from one tobacco company to smoke their brand in three
of his films.
John Travolta smoke in every movie he made
in 1990. Julia Roberts, Winona Ryder, Ethan Hawke, Gwenneth
Paltrow and many other actors who are popular with youth smoke
in their roles.